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Respiratory depression is a well-documented and serious side effect associated with opioid medications. Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system to provide pain relief, but this action can also suppress the respiratory centers in the brain. As a result, patients may experience slower or shallower breathing, which can lead to insufficient oxygen levels in the body. This side effect is particularly dangerous, especially in cases of overdose, where respiratory depression can become life-threatening.

While nausea and constipation are also common side effects of opioids, respiratory depression is regarded as one of the primary immediate risks that clinicians monitor when prescribing these medications. An increased heart rate is not typically a direct side effect of opioids; in fact, they may cause bradycardia or a decrease in heart rate. Understanding these side effects is critical for managing patient safety and providing effective pain management.